{"id":2824,"date":"2021-10-29T17:17:41","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T17:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/?p=2164"},"modified":"2026-10-13T15:07:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T15:07:12","slug":"copper-strip-surface-cleaning-technology-equipment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/copper-strip-surface-cleaning-technology-equipment\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau khi d\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1. N\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1ea7u c\u00e1n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao. \u0110\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/\u672a\u6807\u9898-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2544\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u c\u00e1n c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u c\u01a1 kh\u00ed l\u1eabn v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c oxit tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng axit. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 bao g\u1ed3m: t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i, t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng x\u00fat, t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1.1 T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> C\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, ch\u1ee9a clo, ch\u1ee9a flo v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ch\u00e1y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a clo c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0, c\u00f2n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9a flo th\u00ec g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho t\u1ea7ng ozone, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m \u01b0a d\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 nh\u0169 h\u00f3a d\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1.2 T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng x\u00fat<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra axit b\u00e9o natri ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng) v\u00e0 glycerin. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u00f3a n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, v\u00e0 x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t anion h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ea7u c\u00e1n l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 hydrocacbon aliphatic t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng h\u00f3a. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1.3 T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u ki\u1ec1m. N\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n: \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n catot (d\u00f9ng b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m catot) t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed hydro, c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n anot t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed oxy. C\u00e1c b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed sinh ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng hydro sinh ra t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n catot g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u1eed c\u1ee7a hydro c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n catot, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam xyanua gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. \u0110i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n anot, do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a oxy, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n catot kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I. 1.4 T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1y t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u si\u00eau \u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u. B\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u si\u00eau \u00e2m ph\u00e1t ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao (s\u00f3ng sin), qua \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean gi\u1eefa \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u00e2m \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao. S\u00f3ng si\u00eau \u00e2m lan truy\u1ec1n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi (v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1) trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c k\u00edn, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y ra vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 bong b\u00f3ng nh\u1ecf li ti trong dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ee1 tung. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng cavitation\u201d. Khi bong b\u00f3ng v\u1ee1, t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao tr\u00ean 1.000 atm, g\u00e2y ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, khi\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng dung m\u00f4i si\u00eau \u00e2m, n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y axit. Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a, gi\u00fap \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng: t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 nh\u00fang. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit d\u00e0y tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong dung d\u1ecbch axit trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea9y; c\u00f2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp oxit v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong dung d\u1ecbch axit trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00fang. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 t\u1ea9y. Dung d\u1ecbch t\u1ea9y d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric, v\u00e0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb9, n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 5% \u0111\u1ebfn 15%. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia nhi\u1ec7t l\u00ean 60\u00b0C. Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea9y ki\u1ec3u xuy\u00ean qua dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 60 gi\u00e2y. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00f9y theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch axit cho \u0111\u1ed3ng thau t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n cho \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh th\u00ec cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng-niken, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ed9n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 axit nitric v\u00e0 hydrogen peroxide v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do axit nitric d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i NO\u2082, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng. Axit clohydric s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a clorua, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u1ea9y v\u00e0 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3 M\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, ch\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng con l\u0103n v\u00e0 m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng con l\u0103n, v.v., \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 cacbua silic, nh\u00f4m oxit, v.v. v\u00e0o b\u00e1nh xe \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i, v\u1ea3i lanh, nh\u1ef1a, v.v., ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i d\u00e2y nylon (polyamide) ph\u1ee7 nh\u00f4m oxit. Ch\u1ea3i c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y d\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i con l\u0103n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i nylon (polyamide), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, ho\u1eb7c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eaft l\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n ch\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u00f4m oxit, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh s\u1ee3i 0,25\u20130,3 mm v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t 500\u2013600 mesh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con l\u0103n ch\u1ea3i m\u00e0i l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 1500\u20132000 mesh, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng 40 (m\u1ec1m) ho\u1eb7c 60 (trung b\u00ecnh). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con l\u0103n ch\u1ea3i m\u00e0i v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t 250.000\u20133.000 mesh. M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eaft l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n ch\u1ea3i m\u00e0i, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n ch\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ebfc-ph\u1ed1t pho c\u00e1n th\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7, \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t do \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1n g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i, th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e1nh xe m\u00e0i \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 mesh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (220 mesh). Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n cho d\u1ea3i d\u00e0y. Wanfang Data S\u1ed1 2 Gong Shoupeng: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng 71 M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng thau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ngang do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.4 X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Lewis, n\u00ean n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1ea5t electron v\u00e0 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf \u00e2m, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u sau khi l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng cromat v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng benzotriazole (BTA). Cromat c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Benzotriazole v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a BTA (C\u2086H\u2085N\u2083) l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H trong nh\u00f3m NH c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng benzen trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed BTA li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb I, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng polyme, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft cao v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Theo c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 5\u00d710\u207b\u2076 mm, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf 300\u00b0C, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 100\u00b0C, v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong kho\u1ea3ng pH 3-12. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 dung d\u1ecbch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 0,5%-1% (theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng), v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb 60-80\u00b0C. Do \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00f2a tan c\u1ee7a BTA trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean h\u00f2a tan n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi pha ch\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ec1m. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi CC-2002, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean BTA k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 gia h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c nhau. Quy tr\u00ecnh pha ch\u1ebf, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng dung d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng x\u1ec9n m\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi BTA truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ion kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng hay c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 pH g\u1ea7n trung t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng da, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong 20 n\u0103m qua, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ee5m t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 r\u1eeda, c\u1ee5m t\u1ea9y axit v\u00e0 r\u1eeda, c\u1ee5m \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 r\u1eeda, v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y axit b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, t\u1ea9y axit, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, m\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, chi\u1ebfm di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n cho thao t\u00e1c t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ki\u1ec3u b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng hai t\u1ea7ng. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 1, c\u00f2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed hai t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong H\u00ecnh 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 Kh\u00e2u n\u1ed1i b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00f9ng m\u00e1y gh\u00e9p d\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a hai cu\u1ed9n b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb hai khu\u00f4n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khu\u00f4n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng l\u00f5m-convex \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i hai d\u1ea3i. M\u1ed7i khi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng \u0111i qua con l\u0103n k\u1eb9p, con l\u0103n \u00e9p ho\u1eb7c con l\u0103n ch\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c con l\u0103n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. Sau khi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p \u0111i qua, con l\u0103n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed argon \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i d\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c m\u00e1y l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u1edd thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 r\u1eeda<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 d\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3ng r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eb7p con l\u0103n \u00e9p k\u00edn, m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia nhi\u1ec7t. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng phun tr\u01b0\u1edbc bu\u1ed3ng t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1. Bu\u1ed3ng t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con l\u0103n ch\u1ed5i d\u00e2y nylon (Belon) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con l\u0103n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 con l\u0103n ch\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed5i l\u00ean b\u0103ng th\u00e9p. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a Hyundai c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u-n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u-n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 T\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda b\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ea7ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i hai t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. T\u1ea9y r\u1eeda b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n hai t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ki\u1ec3u n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1. L\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a axit, c\u00f2n b\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111i qua l\u1edbp tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u01a1m tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n axit \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a axit t\u1eeb l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho b\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong axit. V\u00ec dung d\u1ecbch axit ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1eaft b\u01a1m axit, axit \u1edf l\u1edbp tr\u00ean s\u1ebd ch\u1ea3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00e0 b\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111i qua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. Sau khi t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n d\u00ednh dung d\u1ecbch axit. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 axit b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed hai c\u1eb7p con l\u0103n \u00e9p; sau khi \u00e9p, b\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u00f2i phun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4 \u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, m\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u00e0 s\u00e1t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, m\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p ch\u00e0 c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i m\u00e0i, quay v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi phun m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i con l\u0103n b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u0103n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i nylon th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i l\u0103n x\u1ebfp xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c v\u1edbi nh\u00f4m oxit ho\u1eb7c silicon carbide (Anderlon), ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao l\u00e0m t\u1eeb s\u1ee3i m\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 400 mm tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c con l\u0103n b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ki\u1ec3u cantilever. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 400 mm, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee1 \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i. \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi\u1ebfn d\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 750\u20131200 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c con l\u0103n b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i m\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.5 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u, t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, m\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a; m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh. N\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111a c\u1ea5p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y chia b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. N\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 1. N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda sau khi t\u1ea9y g\u1ec9 d\u1ea3i. N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda sau \u0111\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 2, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda sau khi t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. V\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i ri\u00eang, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf sau khi l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.6 Th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phun ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111ang \u0111i qua, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng trong ph\u00f2ng s\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 80\u00b0C, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea1t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng c\u00f9ng qu\u1ea1t h\u00fat \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 sau khi \u0111i qua bu\u1ed3ng s\u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng khi v\u00e0o bu\u1ed3ng s\u1ea5y. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, hai c\u1eb7p con l\u0103n \u00e9p b\u1eb1ng cao su th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u201cdao gi\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed5i bay l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c con l\u0103n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 3M (Mill Roll) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho con l\u0103n \u00e9p b\u1eb1ng cao su. Con l\u0103n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i con l\u0103n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u0129a s\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec7t x\u1ed1p, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u00e9p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con l\u0103n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3c qu\u00e1 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3 K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trung gian, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i c\u00e1n th\u00f4. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\" charset=\"utf-8\" src=\"http:\/\/w.sharethis.com\/widget\/?wp=7.1.3\"><\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1ed3ng, tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sau khi d\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2825,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[38],"class_list":["post-2824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge-techniques","tag-copper-rolling-mill"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2824","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2824"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2824\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2824"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2824"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nonwovenmillrolls.com\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2824"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}